Elements of Structures and Defects of Crystalline Materials

Cang-Ze Fang

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

ELSEVIER, 2018

ISBN 978-0-12-814268-4

Abstract

     Since the new emerging materials with multiple functions provide the most interesting and challenging topics in fundamental physics and the cutting edge of new technologies, they have drawn considerable worldwide attention of scientists with highly interdisciplinary backgrounds. This book promotes such development, spanning the range from the very fundamental understanding of the electron configuration of elements, the nature of chemical bonding, and defects in a material to the interconnection between processing, structure, properties, and performance that underlies the multidiscipline of materials science and engineering. Moreover, this book appeal to those other than materials science and engineering backgrounds so that it does not assume much prior knowledge of the subject from the readers. Thus this book is highly interdisciplinary, which would provide researchers with different backgrounds a resource for both the foundational information relating to structures, as well as defects in crystalline materials, and assists them in their efforts in understanding the structure-sensitive and defect-related physical properties of materials.

     For most existing textbooks, they either are inadequate, focusing on one of the structures and defects, or are voluminous, including a wide variety of subjects. By contrast, this book is designed not only to be concise, yet comprehensive to thoroughly cover the fundamental principles of the structures and defects of crystalline materials, but also to provide deep insights into understanding the relationships of properties, defect chemistry, and processing of concerned materials. What is more, the issue concerning the significant effects on the properties of the functional oxides due to the crystal fields is missing from most of the existing related textbooks. This book has been focused on the physics and the atomic mechanics of the problems to cover sufficient fundamentals, deep enough to allow the readers to delve into the most recent literature without too much difficulty.

     This book covers the knowledge of the electron configuration of elements from the first Chapter, which is necessary for understanding the nature of chemical bonding, to final Chapter where the fundamentals of interface energies including single-phase (grain) boundary and interphase boundary have been illustrated. This book has updated several issues in most existing textbooks that come from an “old” viewpoint including extensions or corrections, e.g., Section 1.2.2 Energetic d-Orbital Collapse of Free Neutral Atoms at the Beginning of the Transition Rows, Section 5.6 Plastic Flow Associated With the Slip of the Dislocation Motion. The distinction between surface energy, surface tension, and surface stress of liquids and solids in terms of atomic viewpoint is updated. In addition, some important materials which were or are now under the intensive research, especially, the materials CaCu3Ti4O12, SrBaNb2O6, and Sr2FeMoO6 have been added in, adopted from the highly cited papers of author’s. It has to be stressed that this book has made significant contribution to providing readers to gain deep insights into understanding the relationships between properties, defect chemistry, and the processing of the materials in question. This book has included the essence of the related knowledge concerning the author’s more than 30 years of research and teaching.

中文介紹

由於具有多種功能的新興材料提供了基礎物理學中最有趣和最具挑戰性的主題以及新技術的前沿，因此它們引起了具有高度跨學科背景的科學家的相當大的全球關注。這本書促進了這種發展，其範圍從對元素的電子構型，化學鍵的性質和材料中的缺陷的最根本的理解，到構成材料的製程，結構，特性和性能之間的相互聯繫。此外，這本書吸引了材料科學和工程領域以外的讀者，因此它不會假定讀者有太多關於該主題的先驗知識。因此，本書具有高度的跨學科性，它將為具有不同背景的研究人員提供有關與結構有關的基礎信息以及晶體材料中的缺陷的資源，並幫助他們努力了解結構和與缺陷相關的物理材料的特性。

對於大多數現有的教科書來說，它們要麼不夠用，僅著眼於結構和缺陷之一，要麼就數量很多，包括各種各樣的主題。相比之下，本書的設計不僅簡潔明了，而且內容全面，可以全面涵蓋晶體材料的結構和缺陷的基本原理，還可以提供深刻的見解，幫助您理解相關材料性能，缺陷化學和製程之間的關係。而且本書提供晶體場對功能性氧化物的性能產生重大影響的問題在大多數現有的相關教科書中都沒有涉及。本書側重於問題的物理學和原子力學，涵蓋足夠的基礎知識，其深度足以使讀者能夠輕鬆研讀最新文獻。

本書涵蓋了從第一章了解化學鍵的本質所必需的元素的電子構型知識，到本書的最後一章其中包括單相（晶界）和相間界面的界面能的基本知識。本書對大多數現有教科書中的一些舊的觀點進行了更新，包括延伸或修正，例如，第1.2.2節“過渡元素開始行列的自由中性原子的高能d軌道塌陷”，第5.6節“塑性流動” 相關差排運動的滑移。就原子觀點而言，更新了液體和固體的表面能，表面張力以及表面應力之間的區別。此外，加入作者高引用論文中的一些已經或正在進行深入研究的重要材料; 特別是CaCu ₃Ti ₄O₁₂，SrBaNb₂O₆和Sr₂FeMoO₆。必須強調的是，這本書向讀者提供了深刻的見解，幫助他們深入了解了性能，缺陷化學和相關材料的製程之間的關係。本書包含了有關作者30多年研究和教學的相關知識的精髓。